Epidemly and biostats Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epidemly and biostats - Assignment Example To do this, they need to contact medical clinics and doctors. This movement requires a huge measure of assets and staff so as to achieve its targets and objectives. a) The end came to might be wrong since corresponding mortality was utilized when cause-explicit death rates were required. Cause explicit rates are applied while computing passings from a particular infection (Polit, 2010). Proportionate mortality is applied while computing the quantity of passings comparable to the all out passings or all passings (100%) a) The quantity of passings from lung malignancy in woodworkers in 1949â€1960 was more prominent than the quantity of passings from lung disease in bricklayers during a similar period. SMR is frequently used to contemplate the mortality in a particular occupation. From the information, woodworkers have a higher mortality than block layers during a similar period. a)Reduce choice predisposition in the portion of treatment. Treatment contrasts which are distinguished from nonrandomized preliminary structures have methodological shortcomings. For instance, companion impacts, choice predisposition and frustrating. All things considered, the significant motivation behind an arbitrary task is to counter this methodological shortcoming. a)Avoid spectator and subject predisposition. A twofold visually impaired trial configuration tests a medication or treatment’s impact by utilizing gatherings of control and trial subjects whereby neither the agents nor the subjects realize which medication is being utilized on which gathering (Grove, 2007). Along these lines, this structure dispenses with the issue of prejudgment which can twist the

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English - Essay Example Notwithstanding, in 2008, this kind of family unit, at 36%, despite everything speaks to the greatest accomplice among the various sorts in Great Britain. The level of families with subordinate kids has remained moderately consistent; while the organization of single parent families in the general investigation diminished at a generally little change rate, throughout the years. This last partner additionally speaks to the littlest gathering. Different kinds of family units, which contain same sex couples and common accomplices, have expanded from 19% to 25%. In general, individuals in private family units have expanded throughout the decades from 53.4 million to 58.8 million. Let us currently investigate the size of families utilizing the subsequent table. This table ganders at the size of family units dependent on the quantity of people living in them, from 1 individual up to at least 6. This examination likewise covers almost 40 years from 1971 to 2008. The greatest gathering in th ese partners is involved two individuals family units, which is identified with the couples and families without any youngsters information appeared in the prior table. Beginning at 32% in 1971, this class has expanded barely to 35% in 2008. One individual families have expanded fundamentally throughout the decades additionally, going from 18% in 1971 to 29% in 2008. This single gathering, indeed, speaks to the greatest piece in the general increment in families that Great Britain has seen since 1971. It is fascinating to take note of that the various classes of family units of multiple individuals, incorporating families with three, four, five and in excess of six individuals, have diminished in the previous decades: three individuals families have diminished from 19% to 16%; four individuals families have diminished from 17% to 13%; five individuals family units have outfit down from 8% to 5%; and family units with at least 6 individuals have diminished from 6% to a minor 2%, keep ing up its status as the littlest gathering. This information finishes up viably that the size of the normal family in Great Britain has diminished from 2.9 people to 2.4 people from 1971 to 2008. The contributing elements to this change are a) the expanded number of one and two person(s) family units, and b) the diminished number of families with at least 3 people. Task 2: Examine the contention that neighborly relations are described by well disposed separation. Neighbors make a significant part of cultural life: how neighbors carry on and associate with one another directly affects the sort of networks that are built up; regardless of whether these networks have warmth, comprehension and liberality or detachedness and question is reliant on how neighborly relations are. This exposition endeavors to depict the different qualities, segments and indications of solid and great neighborly relations to reveal insight into the topic of whether these relations are best when well disposed yet a good ways off. The word ‘neighbour’ is utilized to portray the individual living right nearby to someone else; in talking terms, neighbors incorporates individuals who dwell near one another on a road or local location. A ‘neighbour’ holds a characteristic social personality (Taylor, p. 167) and affiliations dependent on a neighbour’s job. Having great neighbors or a ‘nice neighbourhood’ is a significant quality of productive public activity. Be that as it may, the meaning of a ‘

MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus

MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus One of the great things about MindMeister is that its usage possibilities are endless. Whether you’re mapping out your next business move, organizing chapters in the book you’re writing, or planning the family vacation, MindMeister can do it all. To this end, I started thinking about some of my positions prior to MindMeister, and how mind mapping could have helped solve a problem here or there. While I couldn’t find much use in cruise ship deckhand (although it still remains as one of my all-time favorite jobs), my prior position as a recruiter immediately stood out. Let’s take a look at three examples where recruiters and HR professionals can benefit from MindMeister. Sourcing Strategies Every recruiter worth their salt will tell you that your end hire is only as good as your sourcing strategy. Needless to say, in the highly competitive world of talent acquisition, each recruiters’ technique is different, some successful, others less so. So how do you as a recruiter go about setting up your sourcing strategy? One of the first things that recruiters need to do is break out their needs. What type of skills does a certain employer or position require? Is this a temporary/seasonal job, or one that needs to be filled permanently? What is the appropriate education level for this position? And the list goes on. Certainly, this data, and the associated answers can be stored in a variety of ways, but only MindMeister allows a recruiter to have a complete overview of the entire process at a glance. Applicant Tracking Due to the complexities of Human Resource law, MindMeister might not be a good solution for applicant tracking itself. However, MindMeister will allow recruiters and HR professionals alike the ability to have an overview of their applicant tracking process. Where are resumes coming from? Which sourcer is consistently bringing in top quality candidates? How does recruiter A deal with sourcer B’s applicants vs. recruiter C? Using MindMeister as a planning tool can also aid HR professionals in determining needs and requirements. Do we need an Applicant Tracking System (or upgrade the current one)? How many employees do we need for next year? How are we going to get resumes into the system? What reporting features do we need? Should approved jobs be automatically distributed to job boards? Etc By using MindMeister’s collaboration and integrated chat features, recruiters and HR professionals can work together from either across the office  or across the ocean. The Onboarding Process Onboarding or Orientation as it’s been previously called, has received quite a bit of attention over the past few years. Plenty of HR professionals and recruiters have word documents or PDF’s packed full of useful information, and while an index can point them to this information, it’s far from an exhaustive overview. A good onboarding process is also one that’s continually being improved. The question is â€" how is this process being improved? Enter stage left â€" MindMeister. By mapping out their current onboarding process in a mind map, HR professionals can easily and effectively spot problem and/or weakness areas, as well as continually adjust the process and plan improvements. Using our exclusive History  View, users can easily review their entire process, how it’s changed, what’s improved, and what hasn’t. Internal Sourcing Not exclusive to recruitment, but setting up a Wiki Map for internal use can be a great way to not only give HR professionals a go-to spot to review all human capital needs and wants, but also facilitates inter-office collaboration. The possibility might arise where your operations manager knows of a few college students that are looking for summer work. The production floor is reporting that 3 widget makers resigned this past week. Et voilà! Positions (almost) filled. Likewise, by setting up internal HR and recruitment needs and desires, time lines, and requirements, further transparency is automatically introduced to the corporate culture. Naturally, the owner/creator of the map can choose who to share the map with, as well as format and customize the map to match corporate branding, thereby making it a seamless fit for the organization. The map below is a wikimap, go ahead and play around with it. Please keep in mind, these examples are in no way meant to reflect an exhaustive list of the HR/Recruitment possibilities with MindMeister, but should serve only as jumping off points. And therein lies the beauty of mind mapping with MindMeister; one single idea can lead to many, many branches with subtopics, and even completely new avenues of conversation and collaboration. Get started with mind mapping Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus One of the great things about MindMeister is that its usage possibilities are endless. Whether you’re mapping out your next business move, organizing chapters in the book you’re writing, or planning the family vacation, MindMeister can do it all. To this end, I started thinking about some of my positions prior to MindMeister, and how mind mapping could have helped solve a problem here or there. While I couldn’t find much use in cruise ship deckhand (although it still remains as one of my all-time favorite jobs), my prior position as a recruiter immediately stood out. Let’s take a look at three examples where recruiters and HR professionals can benefit from MindMeister. Sourcing Strategies Every recruiter worth their salt will tell you that your end hire is only as good as your sourcing strategy. Needless to say, in the highly competitive world of talent acquisition, each recruiters’ technique is different, some successful, others less so. So how do you as a recruiter go about setting up your sourcing strategy? One of the first things that recruiters need to do is break out their needs. What type of skills does a certain employer or position require? Is this a temporary/seasonal job, or one that needs to be filled permanently? What is the appropriate education level for this position? And the list goes on. Certainly, this data, and the associated answers can be stored in a variety of ways, but only MindMeister allows a recruiter to have a complete overview of the entire process at a glance. Applicant Tracking Due to the complexities of Human Resource law, MindMeister might not be a good solution for applicant tracking itself. However, MindMeister will allow recruiters and HR professionals alike the ability to have an overview of their applicant tracking process. Where are resumes coming from? Which sourcer is consistently bringing in top quality candidates? How does recruiter A deal with sourcer B’s applicants vs. recruiter C? Using MindMeister as a planning tool can also aid HR professionals in determining needs and requirements. Do we need an Applicant Tracking System (or upgrade the current one)? How many employees do we need for next year? How are we going to get resumes into the system? What reporting features do we need? Should approved jobs be automatically distributed to job boards? Etc By using MindMeister’s collaboration and integrated chat features, recruiters and HR professionals can work together from either across the office  or across the ocean. The Onboarding Process Onboarding or Orientation as it’s been previously called, has received quite a bit of attention over the past few years. Plenty of HR professionals and recruiters have word documents or PDF’s packed full of useful information, and while an index can point them to this information, it’s far from an exhaustive overview. A good onboarding process is also one that’s continually being improved. The question is â€" how is this process being improved? Enter stage left â€" MindMeister. By mapping out their current onboarding process in a mind map, HR professionals can easily and effectively spot problem and/or weakness areas, as well as continually adjust the process and plan improvements. Using our exclusive History  View, users can easily review their entire process, how it’s changed, what’s improved, and what hasn’t. Internal Sourcing Not exclusive to recruitment, but setting up a Wiki Map for internal use can be a great way to not only give HR professionals a go-to spot to review all human capital needs and wants, but also facilitates inter-office collaboration. The possibility might arise where your operations manager knows of a few college students that are looking for summer work. The production floor is reporting that 3 widget makers resigned this past week. Et voilà! Positions (almost) filled. Likewise, by setting up internal HR and recruitment needs and desires, time lines, and requirements, further transparency is automatically introduced to the corporate culture. Naturally, the owner/creator of the map can choose who to share the map with, as well as format and customize the map to match corporate branding, thereby making it a seamless fit for the organization. The map below is a wikimap, go ahead and play around with it. Please keep in mind, these examples are in no way meant to reflect an exhaustive list of the HR/Recruitment possibilities with MindMeister, but should serve only as jumping off points. And therein lies the beauty of mind mapping with MindMeister; one single idea can lead to many, many branches with subtopics, and even completely new avenues of conversation and collaboration. Get started with mind mapping Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister

Analysis Salsa, Spirit And Soul - 1543 Words

One of America’s historic strengths have been our ability to incorporate aspects from many different cultures to create a stronger whole. Our music, art, literature, language, architecture, food, fashion and more have all benefitted. I have chosen three key principles (to do them all would be a dissertation for me) and combined them with an art focus so as to show the importance and powerful role the arts can have in effective leadership and empowering the body of an organization. Again, in a world that has become increasingly Global, we can no longer deny the presence of ‘the other’ and their importance in our communities. Especially those within and around our faith communities. I believe the essence of Juana Bordas book, Salsa, Spirit and Soul is not only about bringing up a village of diverse and varied leaders, but also creating story and connectivity amongst the global landscape. Principle One - Sankofa – Learn from the past â€Å"Honor your heritage that you may honor the heritage of others†. Sankofa does mean to learn from our past, yet, on the practical side, I do not take this to mean we should go back reflect and stay there. Yes, I believe it’s about reflecting on where we came from and those traditions that bind us; where we have common experience (or differences). Sharing our stories creates connection and story. It creates momentum. When I look at my past, as a white, entitled female, I have had a very blessed life. Yet, what has made it richer and even moreShow MoreRelatedHow Latin Musicians Have Influenced The Global Sound of Music1926 Words   |  8 PagesTito Puente, the Jazz musician, composer, arranger and cultural icon, is known, variously as â€Å"king of timbales and mambo†, â€Å"sultan of salsa†, and most famously as El Ray - the King - of Latin Music. His Latin identity is often emphasized in a way that is somewhat unusual for Jazz musicians. Indeed, Ella Fitzgerald, or more recently, Diana Krall, do not have their cultural backgrounds so heavily stressed. Perhaps the emphasis on culture stems from the fact that Puente is Latin Music’s most prominentRead MoreCreative Dance7322 Words   |  30 Pagesmotor, cognitive, and expressive abilities. Rudolf Von Laban Rudolf Von Laban (15 December 1879 – 1 July 1958) was a dance artist and theorist, notable as one of the pioneers of modern dance in Europe. His work laid the foundations for Laban Movement Analysis, Labanotation (Kinetography Laban), other more specific developments in dance notation and the evolution of many varieties of Laban Movement Study. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of dance and fencing. TheRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 Pagesan iterative process to ensure the ideal product mix. MM2 features an integrated marketing management framework, exhibits, and cases. Based on feedback from students there are tear-out reference cards highlighting key concepts and effective case analysis. DO YOU LIKE IT? MKTG5 Principles of Marketing Lamb / Hair / McDaniel ISBN-13: 978-1-111-52809-6 SELL2 Professional Selling Ingram / LaForge / Avila / Schwepker / Williams ISBN-13: 978-1-111-52823-2 MM2 Marketing Management Iacobucci ISBN-13:Read MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesStrategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 3) Identify the correct statement about marketing management. A) It is primarily concerned with the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues related to marketing products and services. B) It focuses mostly on monitoring the profitability of a companys products and services. C) It focuses solely on attaining an organizations sales goals in an efficient manner. Read MoreMarketing Management Mcq Test Bank53975 Words   |  216 Pagesseries of procedures to assess the health of the brand, uncover its sources of brand equity, and suggest ways to improve and leverage its equity. The brand audit can be used to set strategic direction for the brand. As the result of this strategic analysis, the marketer can develop a marketing program to maximize long-term brand equity. Marketers should conduct a brand audit whenever they consider important shifts in strategic direction. Page Ref: 256 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty:

The Austen Marriage - 1601 Words

The females in Pride and Prejudice have their moral values reflected in their marriage. They each have a predetermined standard – whether it is love or monetary gain, or superficial or complex – of what constitutes a marital relationship. According to Zimmerman, â€Å"the character from whose point of view much of the action is seen is Elizabeth† (67). She is either the one being married or is the one giving opinion on another’s marriage. Jane Austen utilizes Elizabeth as the crux of the plot’s movement entrenching Elizabeth’s viewpoint of a marital relationship. Furthermore, Austen’s focus on Elizabeth’s actions is the result of Austen revealing her artistic philosophy on marriage. Austen’s and Elizabeth’s stance on marriage are intertwined.†¦show more content†¦Speaking on Jane’s feelings towards Mr. Bingley, Elizabeth offers that â€Å"‘[Jane] has known him only a fortnight. She danced fou r dances with him†¦ This is not quite enough to make her understand his character’† (17). Again, Elizabeth discovers blemish in another’s marriage. She reveals another aspect of what qualifies as a proper marriage: knowing one’s spouse’s reputation and integrity. The marriages that occur around Elizabeth are ill-matched in Elizabeth’s eyes and in this case in Austen’s eyes too. Austen’s artistic view of a lasting marriage is one where compromise is the relationship’s fundament. The development of Darcy’s and Elizabeth’s bond is the most significant proof of the compromises made in marriage. On one side, Elizabeth liberates herself of her prejudices whereas on the other, Darcy humbles himself of his pride. Darcy judge people based on social class, and not by their personalities. Because of his pride, he does not get along well with other people. His brusqueness offends others because he believes people o n his social level are the ones worth his attention. As Elizabeth and Darcy mature throughout their relationship, they learn to compromise. Their relationship requires effort; compromise will bond the two together. The first encounter of pride and prejudice can be seen during the ball in which Elizabeth first meets Darcy. Darcy instigates Elizabeth’sShow MoreRelatedMarriage By Jane Austen s Emma1424 Words   |  6 Pagesreputation, wealth, family, and most importantly marriage, as it was the primary way in which someone could elevate their status. Jane Austen’s Emma, explores a number of marriages and anticipated vows, and how the relationships are often based on social status. The rise in social rank through romantic relationships is essential to women as they are unable to improve their status through personal achievements. At the time, social norms dictated that marriage be a critically important accomplishment forRead MoreMarriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen introduces the major thematic concept of marriage and financial wealth. 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These themes deal with the subjects of; marriage, good breeding and appearancesRead MoreMarriage Traditions in Persuasion by Jane Austen Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesprevalent as marriage. Marriage, the union of two people with emotional ideals and expectations, are brought on by many different factors that include: for love, for money, for climbing social status, escapism, survival, etc. In Jane Austen’s novels, she focuses on the importance of marriage in her world because she wanted to emphasize how marriage is the most important life event of a woman as this would determine her place in society. Persuasion shows readers good and bad examples of marriage: the amiableRead MoreMarriage By Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice 1674 Words   |  7 PagesHailey Shipp Mrs. Wilson Hon 11 24 March 2017 Marriages in the 19th Century For women in the 1800s, marriage was used to escape the uncertainty of the future, and was portrayed as an obligatory duty because women were entirely reliant on men. However, Jane Austen argued that people would marry strictly for money and stability, rather than true love. In Pride and Prejudice, she used Mrs. Bennet, Darcy, Mr. Bingley, and Jane as a way to introduce the topic of how society was during this era and theRead More Marriages in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage in the 19th century was a woman’s priority. Many times women married for social status or attraction but hardly ever for true love. In many cases the happiness of a marriage was based on whether the girl was beautiful and lively and the boy handsome and competent, and whether they were attracted to each other. Jane Austen would not believe that the happiness of marriage was based upon attraction, she believed it should be based upon love. In her novel Pride and Prejudice, she illustratesRead MoreJane Austen s Lessons On Dating And Marriage1528 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen’s Lessons on Dating Marriage Writing a paper for the purpose of discussing Jane Austen s Lessons on dating and marriage in the 19th century, English novel, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, is truly a challenge because there are many obscure as well as obvious lessons to be learned. Elizabeth Bennet, the novel’s protagonist, takes us on a journey into her thoughts, feelings and experiences as she learns to deal with various family crisis as well as her own quest for love. There are good lessonsRead MoreMarriage and Social Classes in the Novel Emma by Jane Austen692 Words   |  3 PagesMarriage and Social Classes in the Novel Emma Marriage has no always been about the love and happiness two people bring eachother; instead it was concidered to be more of a business transaction. 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Are You Afraid of the Dark Free Essays

ARE YOU AFRAID OF DARK ? Prologue: In Berlin, Germany, Sonja Verbrugge receives an alarming instant message from her husband, Franz. He tells her to flee the house and go to the Artesemia Hotel, a hotel for women only. The message ends abruptly without explanation and the terrified Sonja heads for the Artesemia as Franz had instructed. We will write a custom essay sample on Are You Afraid of the Dark or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a street corner in mid-flight, she is pushed into the street. As if on cue, a double-parked limo leaves its space and heads right for her, knocking her to the ground. A passing ambulance stops for her and as she is strapped onto a gurney, the attendant calls Sonja by name. Before she can react, a hypodermic needle slides into her arm. In Paris, France, Mark Harris waits on the observation deck of the Eiffel Tower. Within two years young Kelly rises to the top of the modeling profession. In addition to her looks, she possesses an air of untouchability, which attracts men. She returns to Philadelphia to visit her mother, who thanks her for the money she sends every month. Her stepfather, however, makes it clear that Kelly is no longer welcome in their home. Before she leaves town, Kelly visits Mrs. Houston at the library and thanks her for changing her life. Kelly returns to Paris, where she meets a man named Mark Harris. Mark, like many men, approaches Kelly with the hopes of getting to know her. Kelly is put off by him at first, but Mark is persistent, sending her flowers and gifts and finally, a beautiful dog named Angel. Kelly and Diane sit in a coffee shop across the street from KIG. Diane tries to explain that she and Kelly have the same problem and may be able to help one another. Kelly is still reeling from Tanner’s insinuations about her dead husband and a woman named Olga and does not really wish to know what Diane might have to say about her husband. When Kelly sees Diane’s face on the coffee shop’s television and hears her televised image describe the details of Altieri’s homicide for the cameras and courtroom, her eyes widen in fear. The not guilty verdict is announced and Anthony Altieri answers the reporters’ questions. He indicates that he plans to retire and â€Å"clean up a few old debts. † Kelly knocks over her†¦.. As Harry Flint waits for the women in the penthouse suite, he recalls office functions previously held there. Three times a year KIG hosts â€Å"board meetings† in the suite, which are actually orgies with eautiful prostitutes supplied by Tanner’s money. Flint gets turned on thinking about the orgies and plans to take out his lust on Kelly and Diane when they arrive. Unaware she is walking into a trap, Diane exits the elevator and walks down the hall towards the penthouse. She is momentarily delayed by a bellboy who is blocking the hallway with his luggage c art. In that moment, Kelly gets off the elevator and sees Diane in the hall. They quickly realize that neither of them set up this meeting. They stare at the door to the penthouse†¦ Now that Kelly and Diane know who their husbands intended to visit in Washington, they decide to visit Senator Van Luven themselves. They call her office from a pay phone repeatedly, until the receptionist finally agrees to give the senator a message. They wait for two hours at the pay phone before it rings. Senator Van Luven is on the line, sounding irritated. Diane quickly identifies herself and explains that her husband and Mark Harris were murdered to prevent them from seeing the senator. The senator recalls seeing their names in her appointment book. Someone had called her office and cancelled the men’s visit; afterward she learned they had both died. Diane has Senator Van Luven’s attention now. Van Luven instructs them to take the next red-eye to New York†¦. CHARACTERS Diane Stevens Diane Stevens is a sensitive, artistic soul who has achieved both personal and professional happiness. An acclaimed artist on the New York scene, her still-young marriage to Richard Stevens provides her with a thoughtful, caring soul mate and, she expects, a long and happy future together. Trouble first arrives in her life when she accidentally witnesses a brutal mafia murder. With her husband’s encouragement, Diane bravely does the right thing and testifies against the mafia. Thus she blames herself when she receives the news of Richard’s death, thinking that the mafia killed him in retribution for her testimony. A highly spiritual individual, Diane begs her departed husband’s spirit for forgiveness and then immerses herself in the grieving process. Wanting nothing more than to fade away from society and lick her emotional wounds, Diane is brought†¦.. SUMMARY: Are You Afraid of the Dark? is an action-filled thriller which takes the reader on a tour of the playgrounds of the rich and famous. Tanner Kingsley takes white-collar crime to new heights by using his billion-dollar think tank corporation to create a machine for himself, which can control the weather. Prima is actually the brainchild of Tanner’s older brother, Andrew Kingsley, who heads up the Kingsley Group think tank. Andrew initially creates Prima in the hopes of addressing the environmental problem of global warming. Andrew’s brother, Tanner, is not as concerned with solving the world’s problems as his older brother. Instead, Tanner dreams of turning the philanthropic Kingsley Group into a supercharged think tank devoted to earning profit and power. He is a megalomaniac of the highest order, who intends to hold the world hostage once he has perfected the Prima project. First, he needs to get his brother Andrew out of the way. Tanner secretly sabotages a dangerous experiment with which Andrew is involved and Andrew’s resulting exposure to toxic gases leaves him severely brain-damaged. Now Tanner is free to explore his power-hungry goals as the sole head of the think tank, which he renames Kingsley International Group, or KIG. Unfortunately for Tanner, four of the scientists under his employ at KIG manage to figure out what Prima can do, despite his best efforts to keep them in the dark. When the scientists learn that Tanner does not intend to give Prima to the government, they realize that he intends to use it for more sinister purposes. The scientists plan a rendezvous in Washington, D. C. here they intend to reveal Prima’s existence and purpose to Senator Van Luven, a member of the Senate Select Committee on the Environment. Before they can meet with the senator, all four men are killed. Tanner doesn’t stop there; he goes after the men’s families as well, just in case the scientists talked to their loved ones about Prima. Sonja Verbrugge is killed in Berlin, Germany. Her husband had worked for KIG Berlin and was one of the four men scheduled to meet with Senator Van Luven in Washington. Lois Reynolds is attacked in Denver, Colorado, just a few miles from where her brother Gary’s airplane mysteriously crashes. The other two scientists killed by Tanner are Richard Stevens and Mark Harris. Their unsuspecting wives, Diane and Kelly, are about to become Tanner’s next targets. Both women have barely recovered from the initial shock of the news of their husbands’ deaths when Tanner goes after them. The unsuspecting women should make easy targets for the practiced assassins who Tanner hires. However, time after time, the assassins miss their targets. With a combination of ingenuity and luck, the women escape several death traps and together resolve to learn the secret that got their husbands killed. Diane Stevens and Kelly Harris are unlikely heroines for an action thriller. Diane is a sensitive artist and Kelly is a glamorous supermodel. The women may be inexperienced investigators, but with their beloved husbands’ deaths as motivation, they quickly pick up Tanner’s trail. Kelly and Diane learn about the other related deaths and escape the country to visit the scenes of the crimes. They travel to Berlin, Germany, where Sonja Verbrugge was killed and Paris, France, where Kelly’s husband Mark met his untimely death. They are hampered at every turn by Tanner’s thugs, Greg Holliday, Vince Carballo and the exceedingly bloodthirsty Harry Flint. Unable to learn anything in Europe, the two heroines return to the United States, where they visit the site of Gary Reynolds’s plane â€Å"accident. † They discover that Gary’s sister Lois is still alive after escaping a firebomb and from Lois the ladies finally learn about the existence of Prima. Intending to finish what their husbands started, the two women make an appointment with Senator Van Luven. They plan to disclose to her the details about the Prima project. Unfortunately, the women don’t realize they are walking into the same trap Tanner had so effectively set for their spouses. Senator Van Luven turns out to be Tanner’s co-conspirator and his girlfriend. In a showdown at the senator’s home, Tanner sets his goon, Harry Flint, on the trapped women. Kelly and Diane manage to elude Flint’s clutches and the women go straight to the press with details about Prima. This forces Tanner to destroy his prized weather machine, but he has one more surprise in store for Kelly and Diane. He has secretly built a second Prima in the French Polynesian islands. Tanner and Senator Van Luven escape on Tanner’s private jet, leaving Prima I set to self-destruct. They intend to hold the world hostage with the power of Prima II. Tanner makes the critical mistake of underestimating his brain-damaged brother Andrew, however. Tanner leaves Andrew behind to die in the Prima explosion. Andrew, even with his mental disability, realizes his brother has become an evil man. As his final act, Andrew sets Prima to destroy the KIG jet with Tanner and Van Luven inside. With Tanner Kingsley dead, his vast conspiracy collapses. Kelly and Diane have survived their ordeal and set about reclaiming the pieces of their lives. Point of View The point of view in Are You Afraid of the Dark? takes the form of third person narration. This third person narrative is also omniscient, but only to a certain degree. In order to maintain the suspense, author Sidney Sheldon must withhold certain facts from his otherwise omniscient narration. However, the narrator is easily able to see inside the minds of every character, from major to minor and reveals as much of their thoughts as appropriate. In this way the reader is able to learn about Diane Stevens’s and Kelly Harris’s relationships to their husbands. The men die at the very outset of the novel, thus it is only through the recollections of the female protagonists that the reader is able to get a sense of the dead men’s characters. Interestingly, this semi-omniscient narrative†¦.. Conspiracy A big-brother style conspiracy is at the heart of this action-suspense novel by noted author, Sidney Sheldon. Sheldon, like other conspiracy writers, plays on the natural fear all human beings have of the unknown. Conspiracies seem more frightening to many people than open hostility because it is difficult, if not impossible, to defend oneself against an unknown enemy. The most chilling parts of any conspiracy stories are the moments in which the conspiracy can actually be seen. These fleeting glimpses of a powerful enemy can be more frightening, psychologically, than confronting a powerful enemy face to face. For Kelly this moment first arrives in her hotel room. When an unseen man lies to her to gain entrance into her suite, she is terrified. Although she does not yet know the scope of the plot against her,†¦.. How to cite Are You Afraid of the Dark, Essay examples

Animal Farm4 Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm4 Essay In the book, Animal Farm written by George Orwell, the animals raise up in rebellion against their human masters in hope for a better life. However, the quote by Lord Acton, a British historian, describes it best: Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. This is basically what happens. The pigs realize their intellectual superiority, and use it to their advantage. When this happens, they began to take advantage of the entire society of animals. The pigs of the story sacrifice the good of the whole just for the benefit and pleasure of their selves. To begin with, the story starts when the animals in Manor Farm stage a rebellion against the humans after a rousing speech from Major, a very respected boar in the farm. They chase their human master, Mr. Jones, away and begin to run the farm themselves. At first, all goes well. With Mr. Jones gone, the animals believe they now own the farm collectively, and that they are all equal. The Seven Commandments are soon set up to act as the governing laws for the animals. Among the commandments are no animal shall kill another animal, all animals are equal and whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. It is soon decided that the pigs are the most intelligent, and shall be the brainworkers. Among the pigs, two leaders emerge Snowball and Napoleon. Problems arise when Snowball and Napoleon disagree on the plan to build a windmill on the farm. Snowball, a talented speaker, easily gains the support of most of the animals. But, unfortunately for him, Napoleon plays dirty and Snowball is chased away from the farm. From here, everything in the farm starts to change. Public debates are abolished and the animals have to take orders from Napoleon. All the animals, except the pigs and dogs, are made to extremely strenuous labor. Their food ration decreases while the pigs grow fatter. Despite this, they are still convinced that life is much better than before when in fact the living condition that they were suffering now were worse than when Mr. Jones had been running the farm. Everything that goes wrong in the farm is blamed on Snowball. He becomes the invisible enemy whose threat is constantly present. For example, when the windmill falls down for the first time, Napoleon, using his cunning, blames it out Snowball, making the animals hate him all the worse. Napoleon is admired and praised. But soon, the pigs break the commandments. But Napoleon is clever enough to change the commandments so that the animals, who are generally stupid, never realizes when the commandments are broken. One example of this was when the Commandment No animal shall kill another animal became no animal shall kill another animal without reason. The animals kept silent when the smallest liberties were taken away from them, and soon, they find that nothing they said mattered anymore. They were no longer equals the pigs had become the masters.With the plot of the story in the clear, we can see that Napoleon and the pigs take advantage of the other animals of the society in major ways. Every thing that has been done has been to the benefit of Napoleon and his pigs. After the Napoleon killed many animals for treason, he realized he has broken one of his own commandments so he changes the Commandment to end with without reason. Napoleon did not care if it would benefit the society and how it ran. He just wanted to make sure that he could not be hurt by his own people. Another example of how Napoleon used the stupidity of the other animals to his advantage is the fact that one of the first Commandments was that no animal shall sleep in a bed. Napoleon, upon finding out how comfortable the beds were, changed his commandment. .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 , .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .postImageUrl , .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 , .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:hover , .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:visited , .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:active { border:0!important; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:active , .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6 .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4469496f60d3882b696c22a5e910f5f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Farm Subsidies - A Necessary Essay The words with sheets were added to the end so that Napoleon and the pigs could live out their lives in pleasure in the farmhouse. Napoleon also killed these animals if they had anything thought other than that Napoleon was always right. Boxer, the hardest working animal on the farm, always believed that Napoleon

Knowledge Management in DHL Company

Executive summary This paper will focus on making a knowledge management strategy for DHL Company. I have chosen the DHL Company because it has a good reputation in shipping services (Schorer, 1968). It has a long and reputable history that can form a firm basis for a knowledge management strategy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management in DHL Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will analyse the gaps that exist within the organizational structure of the company and make relevant recommendation that solve the challenges it faces. In this light, it will focus and analyse the company based on the people who surround the company, the technology that the company has employed and the processes it has implemented in its operations. Introduction Knowledge management is the collective process that aims at creating, spreading and using knowledge. It is an all-inclusive process which ensures tha t knowledge is well organized and utilized to meet the organizational objectives. In this case, it focuses on the knowledge concerning the people, logistics, processes and technology (Menipaz, 2011). In this light, it focuses on the knowledge gaps and strategic gaps that exist. Knowledge gap is the difference between what the organization knows and what the organization must know. On the other hand, a strategic gap refers to the difference that exists between what the firm can do and what it must do. The two analyses form the basis of knowledge management. Sub-company: DHL Aero Expreso Since the DHL Company is a big company that covers about 220 countries around the world (Schulzinger, 2003). As a result, it is quite vague to make a knowledge management strategy for the whole company due to its size. Therefore, it is sensible to consider a sub-company of the entire company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper w ith 15% OFF Learn More In this light, this paper will consider Aero Expreso as the sub-company. Aero Expreso is a sub-company that deal with cargo airlines for the services of DHL Company (Rein, Kotler Stoller, 1997). It is physically located in the Panama City and offers its services to the South and Central America. The main base of this cargo airlines is called Tocumen International Airport. It makes both the international and local flights around America (Wright, 2011). Some of the destinations of these flights include San Jose, Miami, Guatemala City, Curacao and Aruba. The company has makes flight using the Boeing airplanes that serves within a relatively sizeable area. In this paper, we shall discuss the effects of KM strategy on the Aero Expreso Company (Schorer, 1968). This implies that it will focus on the links that exist between the knowledge management and other materials including human resources, technology culture Human Resource and Knowledge Management Huma n resource is the most crucial field in an organization. It determines, by a large extent, the success of the organization. In this light, human beings are the main beholders of knowledge in all measures. They are responsible of creating, improving and instilling knowledge to other people within the organization. This implies that people are the source of knowledge for the organization. Therefore, the human resource management can be termed as the leaders of knowledge management concepts (Sears, 2007). In this light, they are responsible of harnessing, analysing and monitoring the knowledge that is held by the human resource. As a result, it can be argued that the human resource managers ensure that the human capital is well utilized in terms of their intellect.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management in DHL Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Importantly, the most crucial factor of knowledge m anagement is using all the knowledge that the human resource have. This implies that the human resource ensures that this goal is achieved in the organization (Sherman, 2001). Therefore, this develops a link between human resources and knowledge management. Apart from the above basic concept of capturing and developing knowledge as factor of knowledge management strategy, human resource enables the association to obtain and disseminate information (Unsworth, 2001). In this light, each of the people have special information that they bring to the company. In reference to Aero Expreso, there are various human resources that exists within the company. In this case, there are employees, employers, customers and shareholders. In particular, they include pilots, managers, customers care staff, and public relations officers among others. These stakeholders have diverse and special roles that help the company in a unique way. For example, the pilots use their knowledge in facilitating the a ctual transportation during the flights. On the other hand, the public relations officers aim at advertising the company to the public in order to get more customers for their airline. However, this knowledge must be integrated in order to prevent overlapping of roles and poor performance. The human resource managers are responsible for managing that knowledge and ensure that the company gets the right outcome. The human resource managers manage the knowledge through various strategies. For example, a human resource manager can implement a performance contract policy that induces the employees to work for good performance in their respective working places.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technology and Knowledge Management In regard technology, it is important to note that technology is not a priority to the concept of knowledge management. In this light, the most crucial factors that are considered in the concept of knowledge management include people, knowledge and the objectives of the organization. Understandably, technology cannot work independently and without the intervention of other factors of the organization. Instead, technology is adopted and integrated within the processes of the organizations in order to realize business performance. However, technology plays a crucial role that cannot be ignored in the field of knowledge management. This implies that technology is not a priority in knowledge management but it is a necessity. In regard to knowledge management, technology is viewed as an enabler of the knowledge management in various capacities. There are various technologies that enable knowledge management in an organization forming a link between tec hnology and KM. These include the technologies that determines the character of the knowledge, technology that addresses the users’ requirements, the ones that support sense, and the ones that trigger structured approaches. These technologies are used in order to harness and utilize information from various arms of the organization. Secondly, it creates connections between the various fields that contain diverse knowledge. In other words, it enables the organization to integrate the diverse knowledge that the organization holds. Also, it automates business operations and ensures that all the business barriers are eliminated. These barriers are eliminated by providing appropriate ways of solving problems that arise within the organization. In regard to Aero Express, the company has improvised technology in various fields in order to achieve the above functionalities. For example, the company has a smart track system that is improvised in order to facilitate efficiency. In this light, the tracking system is used for the purpose of tracking the parcels during transportation. In this case, the customers have are allowed to open accounts with the system (Doz Hamel, 1998). This account is used for the purpose of inquiring about the progress of transportation. The technological integration enables customers to follow the progress at the comfort of their home. This implies that technology enables management of information during transportation. In this light, we can conclude that technology enables the company to manage knowledge in a simpler manner that using the manual systems (Watford, 1999). In addition, the company has efficient customer care system that are enhanced through technology. In this light, the customers can call the customers care desk and obtain help from the Culture and Knowledge Management The culture of the people that work in an organization affects knowledge management. In this light, culture refers to the manner in which the company is organized. It includes the organizational routines that are involved in the process of doing things (Johnson Scholes, 1999). Surprisingly, culture has a link with knowledge management since it controls the knowledge of stakeholder (Bruce Pepitone, 1999). In this case, none of the stakeholders can apply their knowledge beyond the companies’ culture. This implies that they do not act in a manner that please them. Instead, they follow the rules of the company in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. The culture of the organization helps to transform knowledge into power (Kimball Hall, 2004). In this case, knowledge theories suggest that knowledge becomes power when it is organized. Therefore, when an organization develops a culture of doing operating their businesses, it becomes power. Therefore, the company realizes good outcomes due to the organizational rules and directives (McKenzie, 1979). Aero Expreso have various organizational culture that enables it to move forward. For example, the organization uses Boeing aero planes for the purpose of facilitating flights. This implies that pilots must apply their knowledge in relation to the Boeing aero plane since it is used by the organization (Menipaz, 2011). Conclusion It is clear that the knowledge management strategy has a strong relationship with the culture of an organization, technology, human resource among others. This implies that these factors must be integrated in the process on managing knowledge since they are vital components (Miniter, 2002). References Bruce, A Pepitone, J 1999, Motivating employees, McGraw-Hill, New York. Doz, Y Hamel, G 1998, Alliance advantage: the art of creating value through partnering, Harvard Business School Press, Boston. Watford, E 1999, Getting closer to clients, DHL press, London. Johnson, G Scholes, K 1999, Exploring corporate strategy (5th ed.), Prentice Hall Europe, London. Kimball, B Hall, J 2004, Selling in the New World of business . Best Business Books, New York. McKenzie, R 1979, Restrictions on business mobility: a study in political rhetoric and economic reality, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington:. Menipaz, E 2011, International Business: theory and practice, Sage Publications, London. Miniter, R 2002, The myth of market share: why market share is the fool’s gold of business, Crown Business, New York. Rein, I, Kotler, P Stoller, M 1997, High visibility the making and marketing of professionals into celebrities, NTC Pub. Group, Lincolnwood.. Schorer, M 1968, DHL: D.H Lawrence, Dell Publishers, New York. Schulzinger, R 2003, A companion to American foreign relations, Blackwell Publishers, Malden. Sears, W 2007, The front line guide to thinking clearly, HRD Press, Amherst. Sherman, A 2001, Fast track business growth smart strategies to grow without getting derailed, Kiplinger Books, Washington. Unsworth, B 2001, The partnership, W.W. Norton, New York. Wright, F 2011, In memoriam DHL (2nd ed.), Cultural and Political Booklets, Wellington. This essay on Knowledge Management in DHL Company was written and submitted by user Jason Day to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dementiaa Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Dementia, Free Essays

Dementiaa Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Dementia, Free Essays Dementiaa IntrodWhat is Dementia ?uction Dementia is an organic brain syndrome which results in global cognitive impairments. Dementia can occur as a result of a variety of neurological diseases. Some of the more well known dementing diseases include Alzheimers disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia (MID), and Huntingtons disease (HD). Throughout this essay the emphasis will be placed on AD (also known as dementia of the Alzheimers type, and primary degenerative dementia), because statistically it is the most significant dementing disease occurring in over 50% of demented patients (see epidemiology). The clinical picture in dementia is very similar to delirium, except for the course. Delirium is an acute transitory disorder. By contrast Dementia is a long term progressive disorder (with the exception of the reversible dementias). The course of AD can range anywhere from 1.5 to 15 years with an average of about 8.1 years (Terry , 1988). AD is usually divided into three stages mild, moderate, and severe. Throughout these stages a specific sequence of cognitive deterioration is observed (Lezak, 1993). The mild stage begins with memory, attention, speed dependent activities, and abstract reasoning dysfunction. Also mild language impairments begin to surface. In the moderate stage, language deficits such as aphasia and apraxia become prominent. Dysfluency, paraphasias, and bizzare word combinations are common midstage speech defects. In the severe stage the patient is gradually reduced to a vegetative state. Speech becomes nonfluent, repetitive, and largely non-communicative. Auditory comprehension is exceedingly limited, with many patients displaying partial or complete mutism. Late in the course of the disease many neuropsychological functions can no longer be measured. Also primitive reflexes such as grasp and suck emerge. Death usually results from a disease such as pneumonia which overwhelms the limited vegetative functions of the patient. According to the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience dementia is defined as a sustained, multidimensional loss of cognitive function secondary to organic central nervous system damage, unaccompanied by evidence of an acute superimposed state of clouded consciousness as occurs with delirium or reduced arousal. Dementia is not a disease but rather a symptom of many conditions causing brain dysfunction. It arises as a result of severe and diffuse brain damage. The essential feature of dementia is an intellectual decline resulting from a progressive deterioration in brain functioning. Dementia can occur as a result of a variety of neurological diseases. These include: Alzheimers disease (dementia of the Alzheimer type), cerebrovascular disease in particular Multi-infract dementia (vascular dementia), alcohol related diseases such as Marchiafava-Bignami disease (alcoholic dementia), AIDS (AIDS dementia complex), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (myoclonic dementia), Picks disease, Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Dementia is commonly differentiated along two dimensions: age and cortical level. The first dimension, age, distinguishes between senile and presenile dementia. Senile dementia is used to describe patients who become demented after the age of 65, whereas presenile dementia applies to patients who become demented prior to that age. Late onset AD (LOAD)Alzheimers disease also known as senile dementia Alzheimers type (SDAT) is the predominant cause of senile dementia. Early onset AD (EOAD)lzheimers disease is the most frequent cause of presenile dementia,; but HDuntingtons disease, Picks disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease though not as frequent are also important causes in presenile dementia. The second dimension, cortical level, differentiates between cortical and subcortical dementia. Cortical dementia is used to describe dementia which results from brain lesions at the cortical level, whereas subcortical dementia describes dementia resulting from subcortical brain lesions. ADlzheimers disease (AD) and Picks disease are the best known examples of cortical dementia; whereas HD, Parkinsons disease (PD),ntia; while Huntingtons disease (HD), Parkinsons disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)PSP are good examples of subcortical dementia (Mayke, 1994). Dementia with both cortical and subcortical features is also possible, in that case the term mixed dementia is used. Multi-infract dementiaID is a common example of mixed dementia. Historical developments in dementia Pre-Modern Developments The use of the term dementia dates back to Roman times. The Latin word dementia, derived from the Latin demens , did not originally have the specific connotation that it does today. It meant being out of ones mind and, as such, was a general term for insanity or insanitymadness (Pitt, 1987). It was the encylopedist Celsus who first used the word

The Perspectives of Cross Border Merger and Acquisition Deals Coursework

The Perspectives of Cross Border Merger and Acquisition Deals - Coursework Example Without any doubt, the emergence of mass media has greatly affected / influenced the attitudes, perceptions, behaviours, beliefs and lifestyles of people all across the globe,   thereby compelling the people (who are also potential customers of companies and business enterprises) to consider themselves as a part of this global world or global village. Businesses today, therefore, focus more on expansion and entrance in new markets to make the most of available lucrative opportunities in different regions worldwide. However, it must not be forgotten that this recent globalization, universalization, westernization, commercialization or internationalization has not only affected the customers (and created opportunities for businesses to expand) but it has also resulted in a fast, highly unpredictable, unstructured, unclear, unexpected and uncertain business environment. Different business expansion, growth, and international market entry strategies include Joint ventures, Contract Manufacturing, Exporting, Licensing, Franchising, Turnkey project, Management contract, and Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions. This paper will throw light over Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions across the world. The paper will analyze the circumstances which may this (M&A) activity the most appropriate entry mode for a firm considering entry into a new international market. The points developed in this paper will be supported by the real world examples. Also, it will include an Analysis over the reasons why many cross border M&As are deemed to have failed or underperformed. The journal articles obtained from the internet will be used as an appropriate research method to garner qualitative and quantitative information that will then analyzed by the author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Medication errors in hospitals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medication errors in hospitals - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that a device or medication faults more often takes the form of erroneous use of a prescription order or the wrong operation or placing a medical device in a wrong manner. Errors also include the unintentional exchange of a mistaken product in the place of the prescribed one. Also, faults may occur for example, when confusing product name results in the wrong product being dispersed or when inattention leads to an overdose of a certain intended drug. A considerable number of injuries occur annually because of medication or device errors. In general medication mistakes are presumed to be as a result of certain problems within the whole health care system, implying that these faults are usually multiple errors that exist in almost the entire health care system, for example a doctors’ illegible written prescription pads as well as unclear or rather an unfamiliar drug labelling may also result in pharmacists misreading prescriptions and labelling and filling prescription with the wrong medication. Particularly in a hospital milieu and setting, medication safety is especially a very sensitive and delicate issue considering their composite mix of technological and human systems. Melcher, Lampert, Haschke, Drewe& Krahenbuhl, stated that medication errors occurred mostly during the administration process, he concluded that majority of the errors arise during the administration 53%, followed by prescription 17%, and preparation 14% and finally transcription 11%.... of a dependable and regular approach that permits for monitoring , reporting and examining as well as reviewing of errors in an accommodative environment, this identifies and eliminates the reasons for errors. The organization develops a system for frequent and recurrent assessment and evaluation of nurse’s medication administration processes and reassurance of continuous supervision by the head nurse. The development of a quality system which should involves policies and procedure manual to give guidance on medication administration process and enhance quality of nursing care in medication administration. Increase the effectiveness of communication among health care providers to improve and ascertain continuity of patient care. Finally revise and redesign the medication recording formats such as medication kardex, medication history sheets, and medication error reports to make uniform medical practitioners performance moreover the hospital should make available adequate suppl ies in terms of facilities and equipments essential for correct preparation and administration of medications and the provision of appropriate rooms for preparation of medication. 2. Improvements on physicians and pharmacists for quality improvements of medical areas In regards to improvements on physicians and pharmacists the following changes can be implemented; Physicians should be aware of the hospital guidelines and guiding principles in regards to drafting medication orders in the right format, readable and understandable instructions and monitor oral medication orders to augment the medication administration procedure. Physicians and doctors should be readily available all through inside the intensive care unit (ICU) upon being requested for confirmation and clarification of medication

Importance of Quality and Quality Management

Importance of Quality and Quality Management NEED OF QUALITY In todays competitive world producing world class products. In order to survive in the competitive world market producing different product with best techniques, it is important for the firms to take extra mileage to the quality of product and service they provide. In the recent world consumer are aware of the products and service provided by the other firms. Also today there are government empahasis on the quality issues of the products. So firms give extra emphasis on quality and productivity. Total quality management is an attempt in this direction. In other words it is an effort to take the advantage of competitive market by focusing on the organisational operations which is important for the customers, by providing customers best product and services using new manufacturing techniques. Definition of quality The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs Quality is the extent to which products and services satisfy the requirement of internal and external customers So the Quality Management is the leadership, infrastructure and the resources that support employees as they meet the needs of those customers. A quality product or service is one that satisfies the customer. Usually there are two types of products quality 1) Quality of design Quality of design measure the functionality of a product or services. It is the decision of designer to include or exclude certain production features. The customer really measures quality through appearance, operation and reliability. 2) Quality of performance Quality of performance measures how products and services match the intent of the design. This characteristic traditionally has been the focus of a quality management program. In this regard, quality refers to doing it right at first time. APPROACHES TO QUALITY There are 2 approaches to quality TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional approach to quality uses an acceptable quality level that permits a certain level of defects to a product produced and sold. The AQL is where level of defects are allowed to minimize the total quality cost. Traditional approach believes that the defects will payoff the failure cost and prevention and appraising costs. As prevention and appraisal cost increase, the internal and external cost are expected to decrease. As long the failure cost are greater than the corresponding increase in prevention and appraisal cost it is acceptable. THE MODERN APPROACH Modern approach is to GET IT RIGHT FIRST TIME. It believes in total quality control and view the optimal quality cost with Zero defects are produce. For firms operating in the advanced manufacturing environment quality is a critical dimension. Quality cost can be managed differently then implied by the traditional AQL model. Defects can be reduced below the AQL level and quality cost can be reduced simultaneously THE COST OF QUALITY Market shares of many firms have eroded because of the firms using high quality products have been able to sell mare than the products of lower price. In order to compete in the market, firms have placed quality prior to the price. Firms have placed emphasis on quality and productivity in order to Produce saving such as reducing rework cost and Improve product quality. Cost of quality is the cost due to poor quality which exist in the product. Quality cost are the cost incurred by investing in the prevention of non-conformance to requirement appraising a product or service for conformance to requirement Failing to meet requirement. Cost of quality are classified into three categories Prevention cost Prevention costs are those cost incurred to prevent defects. Amount spent on the quality training program, research to determine the customer requirement and improve production equipment are the prevention cost. Appraisal cost Appraisal cost are the cost associated with measuring, evaluating and auditing product or services to assure conformance to quality standards and performance requirement. These cost includes the cost of inspection of product purchase in process or in final or service audits ie the costs associate with products supplies and materials Failure cost Failure cost are cost resulting from products or services not fulfilling the requirements of the users need. Failure costs can be either internal or external. Internal costs are the cost occurring prior to delivery of products or furnishing the services. Example cost of scrape, rework, reinspection, retesting, material review and down grading. External costs are the cost occurring after the delivery of product or during furnish services to the customer. Example processing customer complains, returns, warranty claims and product reclaim. Total quality management total Quality Management is a global customer orientated management philosophy, which encompasses all actions, values and beliefs of an organisation which aims to continuously improves and maintain quality standards. It is a systematic approach to education, management and operation designed to focus and co-ordinate the efforts of all employees in an organisation. TQM is supported by two key beliefs: that quality is what the customers say it is and that must be thoroughly integrated into the fabric of the organisation including its basic strategies, culture and management systems. It is an essential pursuit for total quality. It is zero defect approach. It emphasises the top level of quality where zero defective goods are produced. This approach opposes the traditional belief of acceptable quality level which accepts to produce and sell predetermined defective units. This approach allows some defects in order to minimize the total quality cost. Studies indicate that cost of poor quality is 20%for the manufacturing and 30% service industries of the gross sale. Quality expert maintain that the optimal quality level should be about 2.5% of sales. The accounting dept is the major force in the firm that keep track of and report on quality PRINCIPLES OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Making the product right first time is the main objective of total quality management. Successful implementation of TQM program will reduce cost than increasing it. It is obvious that better quality will increase productivity. This principal is based on the principle that when less time is spent on repairs and rework and more time is given on manufacturing will increase productivity. When an organisation keep the accurate records of cost of quality tqm will demonstrate that effective total quality measure cost will payoff the cost of repair and rework. Elimination of high reject rate results in fewer repairs, rework or scraps resulting in reduction in cost. Comparing the cost of quality with tqm is necessary for the management who are cost conscious in both industry and government. Management will measure the success of tqm on the basis of cost data. Successful implementation of tqm can eliminate the following costs Rework or repairs Inspection of rework Testing of rework Warranty cost Returned materials Discounts adjustment and allowances The cost of prevention in tqm is far lower than the above failure costs. FEATURES OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT A systematic way to improve the product and services A structured approach in identifying and solving problem A long term method of quality control A process support by managements action A process that is supported by statistical quality control A technique practice by everyone. ELEMENTS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT A focus on the customers:- Any functional unit has customers whether they are external customer or internal units. tqm advocates that the managers and employee are so customer focus that they always try to meet or exceed customers expectations. The management must accept concept that quality gets customer orders and meet the customers needs and expectations which is the stretagic goal of tqm Long term commitments: Experience shows that significant gains come only after management makes long time commitment to improve quality. Customer focus must be constantly renewed to keep that goal foremost. Top management support and direction: The top management must be driving force behind tqm. Senior manager must show their personal support by using the quality improvement concept in their management style and providing financial and staff support. Employee involvement Full employee participation is the integral part of this process. Every employee must participate in achieving this goal. It involves managers, supervisors and employees in improving service delivery, solving systematic problems and correcting errors in the all the parts of production process. Effective and Renewed Communications. The power of internal communication is central to employee involvement. Regular communication must be made at all levels in order to adjust its way of involvement and reinforce the commitment to total quality management. Reliance on standards and Measures Standard and measures should reflect customers requirement and changes that needs to be introduced in the internal business of providing this requirement. This emphasis doing the right thing right the first time. Commitment to Training Training is very important for the success of total quality management. This should start for the top level management to all associated with this task. Areas required for concentration must be identified. Required trainings skills and courses need to be provided to the person involved in. Modern approach to quality are associated with a number of GURUS. The modern approach to quality is reflected in the following quality gurus. The modern era of quality was herald by the following gurus. W. EDWARDS DEMING W. Edwards Deming, also known as father of quality control in 1951. He was an American statistician, professor, author, lecturer and consultant. He is well known for improving quality production in America though he was recognised for his work more in Japan. After World War II he travelled to Japan at the request of Japanese government to assist its industries in improving productivity and quality. He taught that by adopting appropriate principles of management, organization can increase quality and reduce cost at the same time. His basic premise was that high quality is equal to lower cost. If you get it right first time then there are minimum prevention, detection remaking cost. His philosophy is summarised in his 14 key principles. Create a culture of constancy of purpose towards improving of product and services. ie replace short reaction with long term planning. Adopt the new philosophy. ie the implication is that management should adopt the philosophy instead of expecting the workforce to do so. Cease dependence on inspection if variation is reduced there is no need of inspection of item for defects. Reduced number of suppliers to a manageable quality. Award supply contracts on the basis of conformance than low cost. Also specify the quality expectation from them. Set up programs for continuous improvement of costs, designs, processes, products, culture, etc Institute continuous training programs to maximise the contribution of each employee. If employee are inadequately trained there will be no uniformity in the work process leading to variations. Establish leadership. It means focus supervision on helping employees. Encouraging them to do a better job and take pribe in their work. Eliminate fear from the work place by encouraging communication. Fear may prevent them acting to best for the organisation. Break down barrier between departments by encouraging team work. Eliminate slogans- Another central idea of TQM is it is not people who make the mistake it is the process they are involved in. Harassing the workforce without improving the process will have a reverse effect. Eradicate management by targets. The numerical target may also lead to production and delivery of poor quality goods. Remove barriers to pride of workmanship. Institute education and self improvement of training in new and appropriate technologies Defining clearly the transformation is everyones job. Though some of the principles were challenged they remain vital for the concept of quality management. PHILIP B. CROSBY PHILIP B. CROSBY contributed to the concept of quality in 1979. He is widely recognised for promoting the concept of Zero defects and for defining quality as conformance to requirement. He initiate the Zero Defect program at the Martine Company Orlando, Florida Plant. As quality control manager the perishing missile program, he was credited for 25% reduction of cost and 30% reduction in scrap cost. He stated that the management must include cost of quality as part of financial system. Crosby defines quality as conformance to requirement. He stated that what cost money are the unquality thing. Quality is free when organisation emphasis on prevention of mistakes than to detection. Mistakes are caused either because of lack of knowledge or lack of attention. The first can be identified and corrected while the second is the attitude which can be changed by the individual. To achieve this Crosby listed the 14 steps to quality improvement. It must be made clear that management are committed to quality. Quality improvement team of senior management must be formed. Evaluate the process to measure quality to find out where the potential or current problem to quality lies. Evaluate the cost of quality to explain as a tool for management. Create awareness among employees the personal concerns for the quality. Appropriate action must be taken to correct the problems identified in the process of quality. Process of improvement must be monitored constantly and must make sure zero defect quality process is carried out. Trained supervisors must actively carry out their part in quality improvement. Hold the Zero defect day to reaffirm management commitment. Individual must be encouraged to set improvement goals for themselves and for their groups. Employee must be encouraged to put for the obstacle in their way to quality improvement. Appreciate the performance of the employee for their participation. Quality councils must be established to communicate at regular basis The process of quality improvement must be reviewed so that it continues and do not stops. ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM THE PROPONENT OF TOTAL QUALITY CONTROL. ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM proposed the theory of total quality control. He believed that high quality could be achieved only through organizational support. He also asserted that the quality must be priority and not afterthought. He emphasised on the administrative viewpoint and considered human issue as a basic issue to quality control. He stress that quality do not mean the best but best for the customers use and selling price. Quality control represents a management tool with 4 steps. Setting quality standards. Appraising conformance to thsee standards Acting when standards are exceeded Planning for improvement in the standards According to him quality must encompass all the phases of in manufacturing the product which includes design, manufacturing, quality check, sales, after sales services and customer satisfaction. He also put forward the way to control the above phases. Feigenbaums idea of modern quality concept was more management based. He recommended that Increase operators efficiency to enhance overall quality. Prospecting to increase quality awareness in the organisation. Involving all the employee in the quality enhancement process. He also believed that quality must not be regarded as cost reduction tool but must be taken as an administrative effort to provide channel for knowledge integration and communication and encourage employee to participate in quality initiative. His concept is reffered to as quality at source and mean that every worker manager and authorities are responsible for performing their work with perfect quality. In TQC quality is more important than production rate so the worker must be given authority to stop production where quality problem arises. KAORU ISHIKAWA KAORU ISHIKAWA wanted to change the way people think about the work. He insisted that quality is not just improving product quality but also can go further. His notion of quality control called for continuous customer service. According to him quality improvement is a continuous process and can always go one step ahead. The head of the fish is the outcome desired, or effect. Contributing factors leading to this or causes are listed as boxes at the end of ribs. Each rib can then be broken down further into the specific factors. Once a diagram has been completed then it can be used to select areas to be tackled and their priority order, and how they can be managed. Generating a complete diagram aids the consideration of an overall development strategy. With his cause and effect diagram also called fish bone diagram management were able to make significant and specific advancement to their quality improvement. With the help of his diagram the users can find out all possible cause of the result and find the root of process imperfection. By pinpointing the root problem this diagram provide improvement from the very base of the problem. His philosophy of total quality management can be summerised as follow Product quality is improved and becomes uniform. Defects are reduced. Reliability of goods is improved. Cost is reduced. Quantity of production is increased, and it becomes possible to make rational production schedules. Wasteful work and rework are reduced. Technique is established and improved. Expenses for inspection and testing are reduced. Contracts between vendor and vendee are rationalised. The sales market is enlarged. Better relationships are established between departments. False data and reports are reduced. Discussions are carried out more freely and democratically. Meetings are operated more smoothly. Repairs and installation of equipment and facilities are done more rationally. Human relations are improved. JOSEPH M. JURAN DR.JOSEPH M,JURAN developed the quality trilogy.- quality planning , quality control and quality improvement. Good quality management requires quality actions to be planned , improved and controlled. Juran believed that quality is dependent on the customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. His ten steps to quality are Create awareness for the need improvement. Goals must be set for improvement Ways to reach the Goals Facilitate training Carry out project to solve problem Progress must be reported Efforts must be recognised. Results must be communicated Achieved results must be maintained Maintain momentum His concept of quality did not just concentrated on the end of customer but also on internal and external customers.

Gold :: science

Gold Gold was discovered around 3000 BC to 1200 BC. Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Where and abundance in nature: Since gold is both durable and carefully guarded, most of the gold that has been taken from the Earth still exists. Much of it has been buried again in underground vaults, where it is held in government monetary reserves. In 1990 the bullion reserves of the free world were estimated to total some 43,000 tons. Of this, the United States held 11 percent. Gold reserves of South Africa were estimated at some 20,000 tons. Despite the prevalence of antihoarding laws, another 50,000 tons were believed to be privately held. People are willing to take enormous risks and short-term financial losses to hoard gold against the possibility of fiscal inflation . The rest of the world's accumulated gold was held in official stocks by central banks or was industrially employed or lost. Today gold may be bought and sold on many markets. The largest is in London, England. Others exist in several nations of continental Europe, in the Middle East, and in Asia. Past and Current use: Gold probably was found on the ground and used by prehistoric man as a tool. Highly sophisticated gold art objects and jewelry discovered by archaeologists in the Royal Tombs at Ur, in what is now Southern Iraq, date back to around 3000 BC. Similarly, goldsmiths of the Chavin civilization in Peru were making ornaments by hammering and embossing gold by 1200 BC. Gold is usually alloyed in jewelry to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present (24 carats is pure gold). It is estimated that all the gold in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft. on a side. It is metallic, with a yellow color when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. It is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to 300 square feet.

A Murdur Is Announced

A Murder Is Announced A Murder Is Announced is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in June 1950 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in the same month. The UK edition retailed at eight shillings and sixpence (8/6) and the US edition at $2. 50. ] The novel features her detective Miss Marple and is considered a crime novel classic. The book was heavily promoted upon publication in 1950 as being Christie's fiftieth book, although in truth this figure could only be arrived at by counting in both UK and US short story collections.Plot summary A strange notice appears in the morning paper of a perfectly ordinary small English village, Chipping Cleghorn: â€Å"A murder is announced and will take place on Friday, October 29th, at Little Paddocks, at 6:30 p. m. Friends accept this, the only intimation. † This apparently comes as a great surprise to Letitia Blacklock, the owner of Little Paddocks, as she has no idea w hat the notice means; she didn't place it and none of her companions knows more than she. Miss Blacklock decides to take it in her stride and prepares herself to have guests that evening.Naturally, the villagers are intrigued by this notice, and several of them appear on the doorstep with awkward reasons but a definite interest. As the clock strikes 6:30, the lights go out and a door swings open, revealing a man with a blinding torch. In a heavily accented voice, the man demands they â€Å"Stick 'em up! † Most of the guests do so, believing it to be part of a game. The game ends when shots are fired into the room. The door slams shut, and panic takes hold: in short order, it's discovered that the fuses are blown, the gunman has been shot, and Ms.Blacklock's ear is bleeding, apparently from a bullet's near-miss. The most curious thing of all is the gunman: he is recognized by Dora Bunner (an old friend of Letitia's, affectionately known as â€Å"Bunny,† who lives at Lit tle Paddocks as her companion) as Rudi Scherz, the receptionist at a local spa, who had asked Letitia for money just a few short days ago. The police are called in. All clues suggest that the case is merely a strange suicide or accidental death, but Inspector Craddock is uneasy about both possibilities.As luck would have it, Miss Marple is a guest at the very same spa where Rudi Scherz was employed. Craddock is advised to involve her in the case, and the two commence working together. At the spa, it emerges that Rudi has a criminal background, but petty theft and forgery rather than any more serious crime. His girlfriend, a waitress at the spa, however, reveals that he had been paid to appear as the holdup man; he believed it was all â€Å"a silly English joke†, and was clearly not planning on being shot at. With this new knowledge, Craddock returns to Chipping Cleghorn.Miss Marple, not uncoincidentally, is the godmother of the local vicar's wife, and decides to stay with her . The first step is to establish a motive for Scherz's attack on Miss Blacklock. This presents a problem: Letitia has no known enemies. She worked for a successful financier (Randall Goedler) and has done quite well for herself but is not herself wealthy. She does not lead a lavish life and, aside from her house, she has only enough to live on. However, she may shortly come into a great deal of money; Randall Goedler's estate passed to his wife, Belle, when he died.Belle is frail, and is now very near death. When Belle dies, Miss Blacklock inherits everything. If, however, she predeceases Belle, the estate goes to the mysterious â€Å"Pip† and â€Å"Emma†, children of Randall's estranged sister, Sonia. No one knows where these two are, much less what they look like. Inspector Craddock discovers oil on the hinges of a door into the parlour (where the shooting took place) thought to be unused, and Bunny mentions that until quite recently there had been a table placed aga inst the door.Inspector Craddock travels to Scotland to meet Belle; she mentions that Letitia had a beloved sister, Charlotte, who was born with a goiter. Their father, an old-fashioned doctor, tried unsuccessfully to treat Charlotte, but she only withdrew further into herself as her goiter got worse. Their father died shortly before World War II, and Letitia gave up her job with Goedler and took her sister to Switzerland for the necessary surgery to repair the defect. The two sisters waited out the war in the Swiss countryside, but before it was over, Charlotte died very suddenly.Letitia returned to England shortly thereafter. Miss Marple takes tea with Bunny during her shopping trip with Letitia, and Bunny reveals several details about the case: she talks about the recently oiled door she found with the Inspector; she's sure that Patrick Simmons, a young cousin of Letitia's who, with his sister Julia, is also staying at Little Paddocks, is not as he appears; and, most tellingly, s he's absolutely positive there was a different lamp in the room on the night of the murder (the one with the shepherdess and not with the shepherd) than there was now.Their tete-a-tete is interrupted, however, as Letitia arrives, and she and Bunny resume their shopping. That evening, Letitia arranges a birthday party for Bunny, complete with almost everyone who was at the house when Rudy Scherz was kills; and she asks Mitzi to make her special cake, which Patrick has nicknamed â€Å"Delicious Death†. This was while post-war austerity rationing was in effect — butter and eggs were hard to come by even in a rural community, and the chocolate and raisins used in the cake were very difficult to get.A box of chocolates is also a present. Bunny loves chocolate but it gives her a headachek and she can't find the aspirin she bought. She takes some of Letitia's aspirin instead, lies down for a nap – and dies. Miss Marple visits Ms. Blacklock, who mourns Bunny and starts crying. Miss Marple asks to see photo albums which might contain pictures of Sonia Goedler, Pip and Emma's mother, but all photos of Sonia were taken out of the albums recently, although they were in place before the death of Rudi Scherz.Through deduction and re-enactment, Misses Hinchliffe and Murgatroyd (two spinster farmers who were also present at the time of the Scherz murder) figure out that Miss Murgatroyd could see who was in the room as she was standing behind the door when it swung open; she couldn't have seen Rudi as he was on the other side of the opened door, but she could see whose faces were illuminated by the torch beam. The two women conclude that the person who wasn't in the room (and therefore not seen by Miss Murgatroyd) could have sneaked out of the room when the lights went out and come around behind Rudi, and shot at him—and Miss Blacklock.Just as she remembers the one person not in the room, the stationmaster calls to notify them that a dog has just ar rived. As Miss Hinchliffe pulls away in her car, Miss Murgatroyd runs into the driveway, shouting â€Å"She wasn't there! † She is murdered while Miss Hinchliffe is away, and so does not reveal whom she did not see. Miss Hinchliffe returns and meets Miss Marple. They discover Murgatroyd's body, and a distraught Hinchliffe informs Miss Marple of Murgatroyd's cryptic statement. At Little Paddocks, Letitia receives a letter from the real Julia Simmons in Perth.She confronts â€Å"Julia† with the letter, and â€Å"Julia† reveals that she is actually Sonia's daughter, Emma Stamfordis, masquerading as Julia so that she could attempt to gain a portion of the inheritance from Letitia and let the real Julia spend time pursuing an acting career. Julia/Emma insists she is uninvolved in the assassination attempt—she was a crack shot during the French Resistance and would not have missed at that range, even in the dark—nor did she wish to prevent Letitia from i nheriting Randall Goedler's estate.She had intended to ingratiate herself with Letitia and try to obtain a portion of the money, and once the murder took place, had no choice but to continue the masquerade. Phillipa Haymes (a boarder at Little Paddocks and a young widow) sneaks into the kitchen to speak to Julia/Emma, but Julia/Emma sends her away before finding out what Phillipa had to say. That night, the vicar's cat, Tiglath Pileser, knocks over a glass of water onto a frayed electrical cord, which causes the fuses to blow, and the final clue falls into place for Miss Marple.Inspector Craddock gathers everyone at Little Paddocks and launches the final inquest, which is interrupted by Mitzi, Letitia's foreign â€Å"lady-help†, crying out that she saw Letitia commit the murder. The inspector does not believe her, and continues with his questioning. The inspector continues, and quickly insinuates that Edmund Swettenham who, with his widowed mother, was also present at the sho oting, is in fact Pip. However, Phillipa comes forward and confesses that she is in fact Pip; Inspector Craddock then accuses Edmund of wanting to marry a rich wife in Phillipa by murdering Letitia.Edmund denies this and as he does so, a terrified scream is heard from the kitchen. Everyone rushes to the kitchen and discovers Miss Blacklock attempting to drown Mitzi in the sink. Miss Blacklock is arrested by a local constable who has been hiding in the kitchen with Miss Marple, who imitates Dora Bunner's voice to make Ms. Blacklock break down. Miss Marple explains it quite simply: it wasn't Charlotte who died in Switzerland, but Letitia.Charlotte, aware that Letitia was in line to inherit a fortune, posed as Letitia and returned to England; few people knew Charlotte, as she had been a recluse before leaving England, and a slight change in Letitia's appearance could be explained away to casual acquaintances by her time abroad during the war. She only needed to avoid people who knew Le titia well, such as Belle Goedler, and to always cover her throat with strings of pearls or beads to hide the scars from her goiter surgery. Bunny was one of the few people who remembered Charlotte as Charlotte, but by then, Charlotte was so lonely that she allowed her old chool friend to move in. However, Rudi Scherz could have ruined everything: he worked at the Swiss hospital where Charlotte had been treated and could therefore identify Charlotte as herself. This is why Letitia/Charlotte hired him to come to Chipping Cleghorn and â€Å"hold up† a room full of guests: she blew the fuse by pouring water from a vase of flowers onto the frayed cord of a lamp, slipped out the second door, stood behind Rudi, and shot him. She then nicked her ear with a pair of nail scissors and rejoined the others, playing the part of perplexed host.Bunny became the next target because she, too, could reveal too much. Bunny had an eye for detail, but was prone to slip-ups: on several occasions, she referred to Ms. Blacklock as â€Å"Lotty† (short for â€Å"Charlotte†) instead of â€Å"Letty† (short for â€Å"Letitia†), and her conversation with Miss Marple in the cafe proved fatal. Miss Murgatroyd, the final victim, was also killed for guessing too much and for coming to the realization that Letitia/Charlotte was the one person, beside herself, whose face was not illuminated by Rudi Scherz's torch.Mitzi and Edmund had been persuaded by Miss Marple to play parts in tripping Charlotte Blacklock up; Miss Marple's plans were almost brought down when Phillipa admitted to being Pip, but Inspector Craddock thought fast enough to turn around and claim Edmund was after Phillipa's money. In the end, Phillipa/Pip and Julia/Emma inherit the Goedler fortune; Edmund and Phillipa/Pip get married and return to Chipping Cleghorn to live. Characters in â€Å"A Murder is Announced† * Miss Jane Marple * Inspector Dermot Craddock Letitia Blacklock, lady of th e house, in her early/mid 60s * Dora Bunner, her elderly fluttery childhood friend, usually known by her nickname, â€Å"Bunny† * Patrick and Julia Simmons, Miss Blacklock's spoiled and foolish young cousins (who call her Aunt) * Mitzi, Miss Blacklock's foreign housekeeper and cook, a young refugee * Phillipa Haymes, a young widowed paying guest/gardener with a young son at boarding school * Colonel Archie Easterbrook, blustery old colonel just returned from India * Laura Easterbrook, his considerably younger, glamorous wife * Mrs Swettenham, elderly lady who dotes on her son Edmund Swettenham, cynical young writer * Miss Hinchcliffe, efficient lady farmer * Miss Amy Murgatroyd, her pleasant but giggly companion * Belle Goedler, dying widow of Letitia's former wealthy employer * Diane `Bunch? Harmon, wife of the local vicar * Julian Harmon, the vicar * Tiglath Pileser, the vicarage cat * Rudi Scherz, a young man of Swiss extraction, the receptionist at a local spa * Myrna Har ris, girlfriend of the latter, waitress at local spa * Chief Constable George Rydesdale, Craddock's superior